Does Apple Synthesize Supply and Demand?

Who can avoid the inevitable lines outside the Apple store when they release a new product? It has been well established that if Steve Jobs had his hands on a product, the world wants it. Consequently, when my Dad and my brother woke up at 6 am to buy our Ipad 2 the day after it came out, I wondered why avid lovers of Apple products have a difficult time obtaining the latest gadgets. I realized the power of Supply and Demand. The idea of Supply and Demand indicates the relationship between the amount of product available and the number of people willing to pay for that product. These two factors, as a result, affect the actual price of the product. I started considering the reasons that Apple, an established company and without a doubt household name, would not have enough of a product to stock on shelves when there was a recent release. Was it that the approval process was too lengthy and Apple wants to start sales or is it, perhaps, does Apple wants to exude an air of exclusivity? There are many possibilities, but my theory is that Apple wants create a sense of adventure in obtaining a new product. Maybe, if a company releases an abundance of the new products, a sense of excitement and “buzz” goes away.

Regardless of the reason, I continue to love Apple as a company, and I will undoubtedly continue to be a face in the “day after release” new product line crowd.

©2010. All rights reserved.

What is company culture?

As discussed in one of my earlier blog posts, I spent a portion of my summer at Stanford University at a program called EPGY- studying Topics in business. As part of our field experience business field trips, my professor, Mr. Edwin Oh (a man I would consider myself extremely privileged to have worked with so closely this summer), took us to a variety of companies in Silicon Valley, and perhaps one of the most powerful things that stood out when I considered a company was the company culture. Company culture can be determined by many things- among which are the values and the behavior of the individuals which compose the company. The company energy has the potential to serve as a powerful asset- it can bring the company together and create a friendlier environment, or can serve as an disadvantage when not established properly. I would even argue that when establishing a company, or creating a start-up environment, company culture can really determine how successful (or unsuccessful) the company becomes. Even on a personal level, having an unresourceful work environment can be highly destructive, so magnifying that to a company can be even more terrible. Luckily- I had the opportunity to observe some empowering environments. For example, when visiting “Tapulous” headquarters, I noticed a sense of teamwork, and when there were employees playing with Nerf guns during their free time, I realized how much time Tapulous must have taken to establish their unique company culture. With the bright colored plastered over walls and games all over (refer back to Summer Visit to a Silicon Valley Dream Factory), a naïve visitor may mistake this atmosphere with an ineffective work environment, but the designers have the workspace down to a science. They realize that THEIR employees may be most efficient and happy in doing their work if they have a comfortable and welcoming environment. Contrary to this, we visited a very different start-up company in which the walls were white, cubicles were assigned to employees and there was a more formal attire. This company was easily as effective. In their own ways, they both established a good company culture, because they both factored in important things- such as employee efficiency and the product/brand they’re executing. I bet if you put the "cubicle employees" in Tapulous or Tapulous employees in the cubicles, the effect would be extremely different.

©2011. All rights reserved.

World's Smallest Economy vs. The World's Richest Man

Tuvalu is economically one of the smallest nation in the world, while Carlos Slim Helu is the richest man. I compared the statistics of the two below:

Population

• Tuvalu : approximately 10,000
• CSH: 1 person

GDP vs Net Worth

• Tuvalu GDP: $12.0 million
• CHS Net Worth: $53.5 billion

Ethnic group:

• Tuvalu: Polynesian: 96%
• CSH: Lebanese, 100%

Sources:

www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tuvalu.aspx

Wiki

Channeling a Lifestyle through Sneaky Marketing (& More on Celebrity Freebies)

Yesterday, I watched a very interesting movie titled "Joneses". For those not familiar, the phrase "keeping up with the joneses" is defined by wikipedia as the "referring to the comparison to one's neighbor as a benchmark for social caste or the accumulation of material goods. To fail to "keep up with the Joneses" is perceived as demonstrating socio-economic or cultural inferiority." (source: wikipedia.com)

The movie can be critiqued in a variety of ways, but regardless of all other aspects, the plot was based off an interesting idea: sneaky advertising. Basically, four salespeople are put together in a house to appear as the ideal family. There are two parents and two children. In essence, the Joneses are self-marketers. They create the image of the “American Dream” which they know more materialized western society would be drawn to. Through psychology, the companies have figured out that if the neighbors fall in love with the Joneses, they will try to get as close to this lifestyle as possible, causing them to want to buy the things the Joneses have. Each member of the family are covered head to toe in labels, and others around them feel that if they can have a piece of them, or buy the things they have, they could perhaps channel this lifestyle as well.

This concept had me realize that this was a more dramatic interpretation of what celebrities do now a-days. Many celebrities or famous people we look up to realize they have the power to direct their fan’s affection. People very successful at what they do endorse products of big-name companies to help sales. This, arguably, is one of the most effective types of advertisement, because not only is somebody you admire (and want to be like) telling you about a product, but they are adapting it into their own lives. A consumer may that if they too have this product, they have more of a connection to this celebrity.

If you look back, this plays off of one of my old posts- the business of free stuff. Not only do companies give away free things, but many times they pay to do so! By giving product to the famous, they hope their item will become a trend.

There are several examples of this, and companies have a reason for it.

I'll list a few interesting ones below:

• Buick gave tiger woods free vehicles
• Companies rush to give the First Lady designer brands
• Celebrities scoring gift bags at the oscars
• American Idol winner receiving the Ford vehicles

Maybe next time you see your favorite celebrity endorsing a product, you'll think about all the thought, work, and money that goes behind it.

©2010. All rights reserved

Cost Vs. Price Explained

Recently, while flipping through channels in my free time, I came upon a show called “Cupcake Girls” which combines two passions of mine - baking and business. On the surface, it seemed like another cupcake show, but just a few minutes into it, I realized that was far from the core of it. After allowing the viewers to have a peak into their business model and presenting a few scenarios with show’s accountant, I realized the show cleverly figured out a way to insert many business lessons into their every-day lives at the bakery. For anybody willing to pick up on the small details, it gave many great tips. The lesson which stuck with me most occurred in the meeting between the accountant and the ladies who ran the bakery. In the midst of some financial difficulties for the bakery, the accountant let the owners know that the more cupcakes they were selling, the more money they were losing. I was confused for a few moments, then disassociated from the show while pondering this interesting concept. I tried to understand what that meant. In that moment, I had a flashback to the business camp I took over the summer, and remember what my professor told me at Stanford. Cost is different than price. In this situation, the cost to bake a cupcake must have outweighed the price. I’ll take a moment to explain the differences.

In the consumer-seller relationship, the buyer’s focal point is on the price (how much they have to pay for the service or product-in essence, how much money goes out of their pocket) while the seller’s focal point is on the cost, the amount of money it takes to get the product to the consumer.

The price includes the money needed for the time and labor that goes behind the product. For example, when going to the store to purchase something, you actually indirectly pay for the amount it took to transport that item, the money that went behind advertising it, and some of the money needed to have a manager and employees at the store on top of manufacturing cost.

In contrast, the cost is the money needed to pay the advertisers, transport the item, and the money it took to pay the employees.

In conclusion, in this scenario, the owners of the bakery must have spent more money on the employee labor, the ovens, and the ingredients than they were making.

©2010. All rights reserved

How can a bank pay me interest for my Money and Still Make a Profit?

As someone who hopes someday to earn money, I look forward to depositing a modest sum every month into my bank “for some rainy day”. I will enjoy watching the money pile up (slowly) and the added benefit is that the bank actually gives me a modest “interest” for the money I deposit – currently around 1% to 2% depending upon the terms.

When I was young I always wondered “How do they just MAKE money??” and how can they afford to do that – I’m sure a LOT of people don't mind just letting their money sit there and grow !”. As it turns out, the bank not only ACCEPTS money from its depositors in exchange for interest, but it also LOANS money to some borrowers – at a considerably higher rate ! That is where the bank makes money, and that is where the bank is happy to pay you a small amount to keep your money.

A bank will loan money to individuals for many reasons – Auto Loans, Home Purchase Loans, Business Loans, etc. Each of these loans will have a rate associated with it, depending upon the amount, length, perceived risk, etc. Sometimes to reduce their risk and your rate, a bank will make a loan which is “secured” – an agreement that you will have to give up something of value if you fail to repay the loan with the terms you have agreed. Loans vary widely but can be 3% to much higher depending upon various factors.

Your previously proven ability to repay loans also is factored in when a bank determines what interest rate they will charge you as a borrower. If in the past you’ve managed your money very well, the bank will likely give you a better rate. This is where your “credit score” comes in. Your actual credit score is a number that is determined by the “credit ratings” bureaus. The three main credit ratings bureaus in the US are Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax.

It’s important to keep in mind that banks don’t keep all deposits available in cash. Typically, a bank will keep between 5% and 15% of their cash on hand for cash withdrawals. Banks have expert predictive models and software to help them determine the likelihood and amount of withdrawals at any given time.

Finally, banks do make money in other ways, including overdraft fees, checking fees, ATM fees, etc, and also in some cases issue credit cards, which can have very high interest rates !

To Summarize,

Depositors will deposit money and get 1% - 2% for their deposits

Borrowers take loans (secured + unsecured) and pay 3% and higher (depends)

Banks base their loan rate based on risk factors and credit ratings

Banks make money with other fees (ATM, Checking) and some issue Credit Cards.

It's a complicated process, but enough banks are doing this well that it's certainly a very proven system !

©2010. All rights reserved

The Business of Free Stuff

Giving away free stuff seems to go against the main purpose of a business - to grow and make profits. It's somewhat counter-intuitive that a company could gain or benefit from giving its customers something for free. Companies have interestingly found ways to be able to give away items for what is perceived as free, but ultimately does end up costing the consumer in some way.

(1) We'll give you free stuff if you remain loyal to us.

Anybody who has ever gotten the fifth sandwich free after getting a card punched four times knows about this one. Another example is the free airline ticket after you've accumulated a certain number of airline miles.

The most ubiquitous example is probably the free cell phone you get when you sign up and promise to stay on a mobile phone plan for two years.

(2) We'll give you free stuff if you pay attention to us (advertising)

This one is a little more subtle, but Google uses this one. You get to use Google's Search engine (a service really) for free, their maps are free, and all the other products are free. Quite remarkable when you think "when was the last time I used Google products (probably daily), and when was the last time I wrote a check to Google (probably never). Also, when at a convention, have you ever stood in line waiting to talk to the booth representative, so you can get yet another cheesy water bottle that you will never use ?

The most painful example of this category is the "get a free weekend getaway and listen to us for 3 hours harp on you to buy a timeshare". OUCH.

(3) We'll give you free stuff if you try it - and please spread the word how good it is.

Some of the fast food chains gives a free food item (fries, taco, milkshake, burger, whatever) when they're launching a new item - so you can experience how good it is. Photo labs used to give away free film so you would try their film processing. The toy in the cereal box is another example. My previous blog on the grand opening of the Movie Theater was a great example of a "free trial" at a soft opening of a new business. It definitely got me to try

(4) We'll give you a chance at really good free stuff if you give us your personal data

One Word: Sweepstakes. You know them. You love them. You have entered in them, and you never won any of them. The only thing you got was more junk mail. Ha ha.

(5) We'll give you free stuff because you're famous and we want the public to think you are associated with us.

Ironically if you want to really get great free stuff, become super rich and famous. When you no longer have to worry about whether or not you can pay for stuff, it automatically becomes free (sometimes). Donald Trump once stated that he can't count the number of times he's been offered a free meal, just because the owners were happy that he came to their establishment. Donald probably paid the bill anyway, because he is a truly classy guy.

I hope someone comes up with another scheme for how to make money in a business and still give away free stuff. We all love free stuff once in a while.

©2010. All rights reserved